Stop telling new guys to buy a scan tool before they own a $30 vacuum gauge
Had a kid at the shop in Dayton last month chase a rough idle with a $400 scanner for two days and the real problem was a cracked intake hose a smoke test would have shown in ten minutes. You cannot read your way to a diagnosis, so what is the one cheap tool you would hand a first year tech before anything with a screen?
Back in 09 I watched a guy at a Chevy dealer in Toledo spend three days on a no start. Brand new Solus, every code pulled, live data for hours. Turned out the fuel pump ground was loose behind the kick panel and a $12 test light would have caught it in the parking lot. The scanner told him what the computer thought was wrong, not what was actually wrong. A vacuum gauge or a test light makes you touch the car and think about how it works. Screens are great once you already know what you're looking at. Your mileage may vary but that's been my experience.